A risk-reducing (prophylactic) surgery occurs before a cancer has been found. Often performed after a positive test for hereditary breast cancer gene like BRCA 1 or 2. Two of the most common prophylactic surgeries for women are oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries) and double mastectomy (removal of both breasts).

If you are predisposed to a particular cancer, but would prefer to not have prophylactic surgery, another option is increased cancer screening. This method will not prevent the cancer, but it can help detect it at an earlier stage when it is easier to treat. Your doctor may also recommend beginning screening mammography before the typically recommended age of 40. Screening can also include more extensive imaging using devices like ultrasound, MRI or Breast CT.

Genetic testing can help detect BRCA1, BRCA2 and other mutations that can increase a person’s risk for ovarian, breast and other cancers